3/16/2023 0 Comments Equal protection![]() 1, 32 (1971) (upholding the use of busing as an adequate means of desegregation) Green v. 306, 343 (2003) (upholding the affirmative action policy at the University of Michigan Law School) Swann v. 2411, 2415 (2016) (holding strict scrutiny should be used to determine the constitutionality of a university’s race-sensitive admissions policy) Grutter v. ![]() Closeīecame equally important for the students and families struggling to receive equal access to education. 533 (2008) (examining how judicial decisions and empirical conceptualizations of segregation have affected our understanding of segregation and integration). For a more thorough discussion on the legal differences and social implications of the two terms, see generally Erica Frankenberg, School Segregation, Desegregation, and Integration: What Do These Terms Mean in a Post– Parents Involved in Community Schools, Racially Transitioning Society?, 6 Seattle J. The terms “integration” and “desegregation” will be used interchangeably throughout this Essay. While the NAACP LDF is known most prominently as the firm that litigated the landmark case Brown, the subsequent litigation that resulted from state and school district attempts to implement school integration and desegregation 6 6 Attorney Motley, Legal Defense Fund, and Education Litigation Finally, Part III highlights Motley’s work as a jurist, specifically in the realm of education. ![]() Part II argues that Motley’s groundbreaking work as an attorney helped shape the ways in which the judiciary engages with equal protection claims in the realm of education. Part I focuses on Motley’s role as an attorney and notes the importance of cases litigated after Brown v. See generally Motley, Equal Justice Under Law, supra note 2, at 102–11, 137–47 (describing Motley’s tireless work for equal access to education). Although Motley would later become most well known for being the first African American woman appointed to the federal bench, the impact of Motley’s work as a litigator was most greatly felt in the field of educational opportunity and access. CloseĮarned the distinct reputation for being a masterful courtroom strategist and litigator. 101, 102 (1992) (“The success of the Civil Rights Movement in changing the course of America’s social and political history led other petitioners to the doors of the federal courthouses.”). Supreme Court: Are the State Courts Our Only Hope?, 9 Harv. See Constance Baker Motley, Civil Rights-Civil Liberties Litigation in the U.S. Motley understood the powerful role of federal courts as a vehicle for social change. Motley, a staunch believer in the power of the law to bring about the transformations necessary for a more just society, 3 3 See generally Constance Baker Motley, Equal Justice Under Law (1998) (providing accounts of Motley’s cases and how they facilitated social changes in society). ![]() Motley’s legal career chronicles the ways in which litigation served to bring about revolutionary social changes in our society. Was dedicated to reimagining the nature and scope of civil rights protections in American jurisprudence. Constance Baker Motley, the first female attorney of the NAACP Legal Defense Fund (LDF), 1 1 ![]()
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